How is the structure of complex projects created?

Question

vim

I program a little, purely for myself. Here I want to swing at something more serious.
Everything that I write is converted into one single executable file (regardless of the number of source code files). But how do I create a project that, when compiled, would give me the appropriate structure of several related files, such as one executable and a couple of libraries?
In general, I am now studying Rust for academic interest, and there is no IDE for it as such, so I plan to use VIM for this purpose.
As an answer, I can use examples of setting up Vim for C / C ++, or a theoretical explanation of how classic IDEs do it.

Answer 1

It is created in parts, several separate folders with source code, for each separately the compiler-linker is called to which all the source code files located in this folder are transferred, thus obtaining several executable files, nothing supernatural, the compiler does not need to know about any connection between modules .
With libraries, everything is exactly the same as with executable ones, only a special option (command line switch) is set for the linking compiler, which indicates that you need to create a library, that there will be no entry point, etc.
It is unlikely that this is in Vim, rather you need to master make, it does the same thing that I described in the paragraph above, but you save all the settings to a file (script), then just call the make command without any arguments and it will apply everything settings.

Answer 2

rust uses crates and modules to create modules and libraries .
If you are new to programming, then I would advise you to choose the python language (version 3), because. it is very simple (learns in a week) and it is very easy to make your own libraries or a project from several files on it.
+ for python there is a free IDE pycharm community