How is it solved?

Question

Mathematics

In general, there is such an equation. Please tell me where and what to read on this topic?
I have not yet understood how the value of the constant (C) is calculated and what is in curly brackets (it seems not the system).

Answer 1

Function x(z) is given with a curly brace , defined differently on different intervals z .
The constant c and the function φ(x) must be defined somewhere so that the function y(x) can be calculated .