How does this Captcha work?

Question

CAPTCHA

Other than (correct input)/(incorrect input) statistics, how do such automated Turing tests work? What do they expect from a human and what do they expect from a robot?
Here, for example, is such a captcha on the Aliexpress website:

And here is a similar Captcha from Google:

Obviously, no one is forced to recognize anything, and the appearance or not of such a captcha depends purely on statistics. But what do they analyze when I Pull to the right or Click on I'm not a robot ?
And what as a result of my actions goes to the server side? It is unlikely that (Passed) / (Did not pass), then it would be easy to get around it, just immediately sending Passed. Probably something encrypted and more complex, and the server is already analyzing this result whether I passed the captcha or not.

Answer 1

In short, mouse movement analysis and machine learning are used.
Certain patterns of human user behavior are determined, and if there is any doubt (this is determined by the machine learning algorithm), then the captcha becomes more complicated (there is a choice of road signs, shop windows, etc.)
What kind of behavior patterns are analyzed - Google does not disclose.

Answer 2

Well, Google's captcha will be missed without additional verification if
a) you have successfully passed captcha several times recently
b) you actively use Google services
+ another 100,500 algorithms and analysis.
Similarly with the captcha on Ali, it is probably based on the analysis of the movement of the mouse during the swipe.