How does AI recognize characters?

Question

Machine learning

Good afternoon!
I re-read several articles, videos about how artificial intelligence works, the principle of the neural network is more or less clear. But how does AI determine, for example, a symbol (what is the number 6 and exactly 6, not 9)?
Please write how it works on your fingers or articles that can clearly explain the principle of recognition

Answer 1

Little read, poorly searched
https://habr.com/en/post/143129/