How do you manage the height so that it's both pixel perfect and responsive?

Question

css

The height of an element in the context of responsive layout is generally a mystery to me. Those. I understand that it is automatically considered by the majority, etc. But there are cases when we need to control the height of an element, for example,

How to make it so that with a nominal width (1600) everything is accurate and when the viewport is reduced (well, let it be up to 900), the whole structure adapts reasonably?
Picture. if someone needs

Answer 1

Set height and width to vw/vh
Check out my layout https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/41168881/TECH/...

Answer 2

and if at all to not specify height?