How can you test the exchange between the database?

Question

Software testing

There is a central base and local bases. The exchange has already been implemented, everything works, but I'm not sure that it will work for a long time without errors. Used by nodejs, sequelize, mysql. There are many relationships between tables in the database. If some data arrives ahead of others, errors will begin, or data with missing fields, etc. By what means can you test the exchange between the database, and eliminate at least some percentage of future bugs? Experience in testing is very limited.