How, besides chkdsk, can I check the hard drive for errors through the console?

Question

System administration

Please tell me, what else, besides chkdsk, can I check the hard drive for errors through the console?

Answer 1

fsck (on some operating systems), checks only the logical integrity of the file system.
smartctl from smartmontools checks with the SMART tools built into the disk controller (you can run a short or long test).

Answer 2

one! depends on the OS and connected additional utilities / packages
2. in Windows - wmic (wmic diskdrive get status, etc.), diskpart (recover, etc. with RAID support),