Drupal 8 not working on Ubuntu 14.04 server using userdir, how to fix?

Question

Drupal

I made LAMP like in this guide:
www.antojose.com/content/installing-and-configurin...
As a result, I upload the Drupal files to the "public_html" folder of the created user, go from the remote computer http://*.*.* .*/~{user}/ - the flight is normal, the installation proceeds normally, at the end of the installation, as usual, it opens the home page of the site - it is displayed normally.
But then miracles begin - following any link on the site is punishable by an error

Not Found

The requested URL /home/user/public_html/index.php was not found on this server.

Apache 's access.log says:

192.168.*.* - - [30/Nov/2015:15:33:41 +0300] "GET /~user/admin/people HTTP/1.1" 404 521 "http://192.168.1.31/~user/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:42.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/42.0"

Answer 1

Installed Nginx, still the same problem.
The problem lay in the standard configuration of these web servers, which gave a deliberately prepared 404 page.
The solution turned out to be ingeniously simple - redirect the 404 error to index.php
error_page 404 /index.php;