Does Linux have a smart file system with a smart file manager for home users?

Question

linux

Hello!
I apologize for the verbosity, otherwise it’s simply impossible to describe what exactly is needed. Now, in fact, the whole life of people, documents, photos, videos, is stored on a computer, but everything is so unreliable, I myself witnessed how people lost data, this is a disaster. Somewhere to throw something off to make backups, it's so dreary and difficult for people :)
Actually, what is needed from the wanted FS with a file manager, requirements:
1. Backing up important files on several devices / disks
2. So that FS and the file manager understand each other friend, possibly through a plugin.
3. Flat space, no partitions, or rather they can be, but whether we give only one partition or the entire disk, in the file manager we see only one space mounted either as root / if the system is there, or to the mount point if system on another FS. In this case, the file manager must understand which FS the given file or directory belongs to.
Example:
We have two disks in the simplest version. Let the system be located on one of them in a partition with a regular FS ext4.
Under smart FS, we give the second partition of the first disk and the entire second disk, let the entire space be mounted in / DATA or / run / media ....
So, in the file manager we say that this file and this directory are stored in duplicate, in the right-click menu, for example. If we have three devices under smart FS, then it becomes possible to set the storage of the FS object in three instances, etc.
The file manager must somehow tell FS about this if an important file and directory is located on the smart FS mount path, i.e. in the /DATA folder.
Accordingly, FS should now distribute an important file and an important directory over two devices . In this case, the available size of the file and directory will be limited by the volume of the largest part that can be distributed (duplicated) on two devices allocated for FS.
Regular files (all by default) are written evenly on devices in one copy, but are not broken into pieces between them. This is so that if a device fails, then some of the usual files are preserved.
Further. Acceleration function.
We say that this file or directory (it turns out files in this directory) must be quickly read or written, twice, if there are two devices, or three, if there are three devices, etc. The file manager sends this to FS, which accordingly splits the file or files of the specified directory into pieces across disks.
When there are three or more disks, you can not only duplicate storage, but also speed it up.
Feedback.
Accordingly, if there are problems with some disk with a smart, i.e. there is a danger for regular and "accelerated" files on this disk and for files that can not be duplicated later, then FS gives the necessary attributes to the file manager so that it shows such files reddened, and also gives a signal to the system, for different notifiers about a problem with disk.
All files and directories that are duplicated or accelerated i.e. with additional attributes, should be displayed in the file manager in different colors, for example, as NTFS compressed files are displayed in blue in the explorer.
That's actually the whole minimum of desires. Of course, I described some ideal state that is not implemented anywhere, but at least there is something close in the nature of Linux or not?
If there is no such thing, it's sad, maybe at least this question can act as a technical task for a team of enthusiasts who dare to bring it to life? I will even take part myself, but I have little development experience.

Answer 1

This is not done by the file system, but by the raid that you create one level down.
You also just need to set up automatic backups.
Thus, it makes no sense to do what you describe at the file system level - this has already been implemented many times at the level of raids and backups, for example, a software raid for Linux .
Your example is just not very good. If one file is broken, then the data will break in all three copies, because if stored simultaneously, they break at the same time. If the user creates three places on one disk, then also if the disk fails, everything will break, because the disks usually fail entirely.
But how can RAID provide fault tolerance if one of the physical disks fails.
Another option is regular folder synchronization. I set up a shortcut, pressed a button - and one directory was synchronized with another. As long as nothing happens - there is always a backup.
zfs allows you to perform fault tolerance at the file system level, but is not available on all platforms.
For this, they also use google drive, dropbox and other cloud storages that allow you to store copies not even in your premises.
That is, there are plenty of options for what you described in the world.

Answer 2

All points 1-3 are implemented by existing tools, their shaft for every taste and color.
Partially, the question describes some of the features of zfs.

Answer 3

Such things are not handled by the file system, but by RAID. RAID can be hardware or software. For backups, there are all kinds of solutions of varying degrees of crookedness.
Take Synology / QNAP - it's all there, because they are designed for the most part for home users.

Answer 4

Must be Linux? Read about ZFS - how it works, what are the features, RAIDZ - and about NAS4Free.

Answer 5

Any SOHO NAS. Insert 4 disks, press the button "Make for ... in a beautiful menu", you get the result. Further - only in time to change disks.