Are there any techniques for understanding the perception of the contents of a file?

Question

reverse engineering

There is a file (generally larger, but not the essence) without an extension, without signatures, there is confidence in what kind of information is there (the image is most likely pixel art), but it is not at all clear what to do with it.

Are there any well-known methods to figure out what to do?

I apologize for the clumsy wording of the question.

Answer 1

In the headlight, look at F3. Any file has its own structure and some kind of logic. The above file utility simply looks for familiar sequences at the right position. You just do the same with your eyes.
For pixel art, a regular photoshop is probably suitable, open the file as raw, specify the resolution and everything works, you may have to cut a piece at the beginning.

Answer 2

Try to incite the file utility (in linux). Most likely there is a port under the windows. If it doesn't help, then a hex editor. Also, the file can be encrypted or compressed.