Arduino Nano not flashing, how to fix?

Question

Arduino

Arduino Nano not flashing, giving errors. I thought to fill in the bootloader.
I have an arduino uno on hand. Made him a programmer.
Connected to nano, but still can not be restored.
There are also 2 usbasp programmers. I sinned on the first one, they say it doesn’t work, that I acquired the 2nd one, with the help of it I also can’t flash it.
Tried a lot of programs.
Now it seems to me that the nano has switched to working with external clocking. That is, it is necessary to attach an external quartz. Did I understand correctly? Because all methods fail and the chip is not visible.
Here, in the questions, I found a similar question and the answer was https://geektimes.ru/post/255342/ there were no further discussions.
Apparently the person solved the issue or scored on this matter.

Answer 1

bootloader - optiboot? according to your link, everything seems to be correct, but a little about another
ambush - in the idea, you first need to unpack the otptibut files, according to their instructions, the path, etc.
https://github.com/Optiboot/optiboot
programmer you have - uno, flash the sketch of the programmer into it - is in the ide.
connect, fig1, freeduino.ru/arduino/isp.html
then select the correct type of programmer - arduino as isp, etc. ports. the speed is still the default 19200.
then from the idea "record bootloader" will work. Look like that's it.
Then, in order to sew directly via usb, you need to edit the config, add a copy of the nano + optiboot section,
with slightly different settings and speed
https://elchupanibrei.livejournal.com/32211.html
in 1,8,5 - C:\Program Files\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\boards
added this:
######################### #####################################
atmega328o.name=[Optiboot] --Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ ATmega328
atmega328o.upload.tool=arduino:avrdude
atmega328o.bootloader.tool=arduino:avrdude
atmega328o.upload.protocol=arduino
atmega328o.upload.maximum_size=32256
atmega328o.upload.speed=115200
atmega328o.bootloader.low_megafuses3=0xff
at .bootloader.high_fuses=0xde
atmega328o.bootloader.extended_fuses=
0x05 atmega328o.bootloader.path=\optiboot
atmega328o.bootloader.file=\optiboot\optiboot_atmega328.hex
atmega328o.bootloader.unlock_bits=0x3F
atmega328o.bootloader.lock_bits=0x0F
atmega328o.build.mcu=atmega328p
atmega328o.build.f_cpu=16000000L
atmega328o.build.core=arduino:arduino
atmega328o.build.variant=arduino:standard
########### ################################################### #