Arduino - how to measure water resistance with alternating current?

Question

Arduino

I want to measure the resistance of water, but not with direct current, but with alternating current pulses. There is an opinion that this way the data is obtained much more accurately + it can be averaged over time.
How can this be implemented on micro, for example, arduino?
I immediately came up with an option when one electrode is connected to a PWM generator, and half the voltage is simply applied to the second measuring electrode.
1. Is this a normal option?
2. The second thought is that the measuring electrode can only be connected to the ground. But how then to make a generator that would produce a real alternating current with a sign reversal relative to the ground? Or is this not necessary?
In general, advice is accepted.

Answer 1

Is resistance measured in flowing water or some insulated vessel? In general, it is much more correct to measure with alternating current than with direct current, since electrolysis is suppressed. I recommend looking through some simple university textbook on conductometry, where these issues are discussed. From vague memories, I remember that there is a frequency limit, but it is high, somewhere in mega- or gigahertz. And I absolutely don’t remember at what voltage industrial meters work